Body condition

A landmark lifetime study of Labrador Retrievers found that dogs kept lean lived a median of roughly two years longer than their littermates fed 25% more - and developed arthritis later. Two years. No supplement, food, or gadget in this database comes close to that effect, and it's free.

Vets use a 9-point Body Condition Score. 1-3 is underweight, 4-5 is ideal, 6-9 is overweight to obese. Most dogs in the U.S. score 6-7, and their owners describe them as normal - because we've all recalibrated on overweight dogs.

Ribs: Run flat hands along the sides. You should feel ribs easily with a thin layer over them - like the back of your hand. If you have to press to find them, that's a 6+. If they're visible from across the room, that's a 3-.

Waist from above: Looking down, there should be a visible narrowing behind the ribcage. Straight sides or an oval outline means overweight.

Tuck from the side: The belly should slope UP from the ribcage toward the hind legs. A belly parallel to the ground means overweight.

Note: Do it monthly, in the same light, with your hands - not by eye. Coat hides everything; hands don't lie.

· Ask your vet for a target weight and a calorie number - guessing usually means under-feeding protein while over-restricting
· Measure with a scale or a proper cup, every meal - eyeballing drifts upward
· Cut treats first (the 10% rule), not the meal's nutrition
· Weigh monthly; 1-2% of body weight per week is a healthy loss rate
· Rule out medical causes (thyroid, Cushing's) if weight won't move - it isn't always calories

Sudden or unexplained weight loss is a vet visit first, not a feeding change. Once cleared, increase gradually and re-check in a month.

Large-breed puppies should look lean and grow slowly - fat puppies are not healthy puppies, and rapid growth is a documented risk factor for joint disease.